Emergency care for acute myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction is a death of the heart muscle caused by a violation of blood flow to one of the areas of the heart. Causes of myocardial infarction include heart artery thrombosis, long-term artery spasm, embolism, and inflammation. Delayed help can lead to death.
Factors provoking myocardial infarction:
- high blood pressure and atherosclerosis;
- overweight and obesity;
- physical overstrain and stress;
- sedentary lifestyle, smoking;
- heart diseases and heredity.
Most often, a heart attack occurs after the age of 45. However, recently the disease has significantly "rejuvenated". Measures to prevent myocardial infarction will be discussed later.
Forms and clinical manifestations of heart attack
In addition to the typical form of myocardial infarction, which is manifested by sharp pain behind the sternum, there are several other forms that can be mistaken for diseases of internal organs. So, atypical forms include the gastric variant of a heart attack, asthmatic and painless.
Symptoms of gastric myocardial infarction: pain in the stomach and tension in the muscles of the abdominal wall. Clinical manifestations are characteristic of damage to the lower part of the myocardium of the left ventricle.
Symptoms of the asthmatic variant: dry cough and tightness in the chest. This type of heart attack resembles an attack of bronchial asthma.
Painless form: a feeling of discomfort in the chest, sleep disturbance, increased sweating. The variant most often occurs in the elderly and in most cases has a negative prognosis.
Emergency care for acute myocardial infarction of any form should begin with the treatment of pain syndrome.
Symptoms of myocardial infarction
The main manifestation of the pathology is pain radiating to the left side. It can be the neck, hand, jaw and the area between the shoulder blades. The pain can be compared to a dagger blow. In some cases, there is discomfort and tightness in the chest, or dull chest pain. A heart attack is characterized by a wave-like increase in pain syndrome.
The most dangerous for the development of a heart attack are the pre-dawn hours - from five to seven in the morning.
The treatment of the consequences and complications of a heart attack will be discussed in the next section.
Diagnosis of myocardial infarction in women and men
Diagnosis is made on the basis of three criteria: clinical manifestations, laboratory test results and electrocardiogram indicators. At the same time, the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in women has certain features.
Symptoms: pain behind the sternum radiating to the left side of the body, cold sweat, weakness, lack of air. A drop in pressure is possible. Pain, as a rule, is not relieved by a nitroglycerin tablet.
ECG signs of myocardial infarction: the presence of Q-waves and ST-segment elevation.
Laboratory studies: a sharp increase in the blood of specific markers of heart muscle cell damage.
Algorithm for providing assistance in case of myocardial infarction (before the arrival of an ambulance):
- put the patient down and raise the headboard;
- re-give nitroglycerin and an aspirin tablet (if it was previously prescribed by a doctor!!!);
- It is NOT possible to use corvalol (valocardin), baralgin and panangin!!!
On our website https://dobrobut.com/ you will find more detailed information. Rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction, preventive measures, features of the disease in old age are questions that our experts will answer.
Treatment of myocardial infarction and complications
The main goal of therapy is to restore blood circulation in the affected area. For this, blood thinners and blood thinners are prescribed. In addition, drugs to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and restore their tone, beta-blockers, which reduce the load on the heart muscle, are recommended for use. A patient who has suffered an extensive myocardial infarction should be under the constant supervision of a cardiologist.
Minimally invasive surgical methods save lives and reduce patient disability. Coronary angioplasty and stenting are the most effective methods.
Complications of the disease include arrhythmia, heart aneurysm, cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, and thrombosis of internal arteries.Prevention
Following simple recommendations will prevent the development of such a terrible condition.
Measures to prevent myocardial infarction in men:
- rejection of alcohol and smoking;
- weight and blood pressure control;
- vigorous physical activity;
- full nutrition with a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals;
- dispensary observation by a cardiologist in the presence of heart diseases and burdened heredity;
- full-value rest;
- prevention of stressful situations.
Doctors of the "Dobrobut" medical center will help solve any problem. Diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and prevention are all within our competence. We will consult, answer questions and tell you about coronary angiography and stenting of coronary arteries. Please contact us, we are always happy to help.
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