Hematoma drainage and other methods of its treatment
The human body is permeated with blood vessels. During domestic, industrial or sports injuries, the integrity of the wall of one or another vessel is violated. This threatens bleeding or the formation of a hematoma. Hematoma - accumulation of liquid or coagulated blood in the thickness of soft tissues. It is mostly harmless, but in some cases there is a need to remove a large hematoma, which can interfere with the vital activity of tissues and nearby organs.
Hematomas can form:
- for any types of injuries - closed and open;
- in any part of the human body;
- with injuries of any degree - from minor (the role is not played by physical effort, but by the fragility of the vascular wall) to severe.
Hematomas can occur not only at the time of application of physical force to the tissues, but also several hours and days after that - for example, this is how an internal hematoma is formed after surgery. The possibility of such hemorrhages in the tissue should be remembered - the timeliness of the diagnosis depends on this, and therefore the success of the hematoma treatment.
General principles of medical tactics for hematomas
In the vast majority of cases, the injuries are superficial, and the accumulation of blood in the tissues is insignificant. Most often, medical intervention (in particular, drainage of the hematoma) is not necessary - after a certain time, the hematoma disappears by itself. This process occurs due to the gradual lysis (destruction) of plasma and blood cells that formed the hematoma.
The speed of hematoma resorption depends on:
- the amount of blood that was spilled;
- age (hematomas dissolve more slowly in elderly people);
- combined infection (the hematoma does not dissolve, but festers);
- the state of blood vessels (there may be repeated hemorrhage in the tissue in the same location and the hematoma will not have time to dissolve.
Before asking yourself the question of how to treat a large hematoma on the hand, you should remember that large vessels pass through this area, and the outpouring of blood that forms a hematoma can signal damage to the walls of these vessels and the threat of more pronounced bleeding .
With less frequency, hematomas occur:
- in the muscles;
- in fatty tissue;
- in the thickness of the parenchymal organ;
- under the meninges;
- in brain tissues
They are united by a common feature: blood is directed to tissues according to the principle of least resistance. Knowing the characteristics of the tissues, it is possible to determine with high probability where the hematoma could have formed - the success of the treatment largely depends on this factor.
Medical tactics for accumulation of blood in tissues depends on a number of nuances:
- localization of the hematoma;
- age of the patient;
- combined diseases
Treatment of a hematoma on the head in a child, even though it is characterized by small sizes, should be given no less attention than a large hematoma on the front abdominal wall of an athlete. And an acute infectious disease can cause suppuration even with the accumulation of a small amount of blood in the tissues.
Conservative and operative methods of hematoma treatment
Conservative treatment of a hematoma includes first aid and elimination of blood accumulation.
As a first aid for visible hematomas, the effect of low temperatures is used - any capacity with cold contents is applied to the place of hematoma. It can be ice from the refrigerator, a cold spoon (if the hematoma is small - for example, in the eye area) or even a bag of milk from a refrigerated display case.
After a few days, in order for the hematoma to dissolve faster (for example, if the patient asks how to get rid of a hematoma on the leg in the shortest possible time), you can use physiotherapeutic methods: UHF; Microwave and others.
Surgical treatment of hematomas is primarily carried out in the case of: large size, due to which their pressure on the surrounding tissues is noted, or in the presence of suppuration symptoms.
Dissection and drainage of a subcutaneous hematoma can be performed in the dressing room. The contents are evacuated, the formed cavity is washed, and a sterile bandage is applied.
Hematomas that occur under the meninges and in internal organs require emergency surgical intervention in operating inpatient departments. During the operation, liquid or coagulated blood is removed and drainage is carried out. After dissection of large hematomas, even if there were no signs of infection, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.
Treatment of hematoma on the head in a child
Due to mobility, children are often injured. A large percentage of children's injuries are head injuries, which are often accompanied by hematomas and the formation of "bumps".
The first medical aid consists in applying a cold object to the place of the hematoma. This should be done in the first few hours. Thermoregulation in children is imperfect, they are more sensitive to low temperatures, therefore, applying a cold object to the place of hematoma should be dosed - last for about half an hour and take place at intervals.
We recommend visiting the website of our clinic https://dobrobut.com, where you will learn more about the causes and consequences of hematomas in children.
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