Cervical dysplasia is a pathology of the reproductive system that belongs to the category of precancerous conditions. The danger of this disease lies in the absence of symptoms in the first degree of cervical dysplasia, which causes a significant increase in the risk of cancer.
The term "dysplasia" refers to structural pathological changes of the mucous membrane at the cellular level. Most often, this disease is diagnosed in women of reproductive age, and the earlier the pathology is differentiated, the lower the risk of the process becoming cancerous.
Causes of cervical dysplasia
According to statistics, the causes of cervical dysplasia are the long-term stay of the papillomavirus in the mucous membrane of the specified part of the genital organ of the female reproductive system. Moreover, in this case, the papillomavirus will be oncogenic type 16 and 18. It takes 12 months (maximum 18) for this virus to provoke structural changes at the cellular level.
Doctors single out several factors that can provoke the formation of dysplasia:
- genetic predisposition
- promiscuous sexual relations
- frequent abortions
- long-term use of hormonal contraceptives, which leads to hormonal imbalance
- many births in history
- genital tract infections that occur in a chronic form
- early onset of sexual life
- erosion, ectopy and other pathological processes on the cervix
- reduction of immunity
- childbirth at an early age
Classification of cervical dysplasia
When examining a patient for the diagnosis of cervical dysplasia, the doctor must take the epithelium from the surface of the uterus to identify atypical cells. It is this analysis that allows us to classify the disease under consideration.
1 degree
Mild cervical dysplasia is characterized by:
- unexpressed modification of the basal layer
- symptoms of the presence of papillomavirus (dyskeratosis and koilocytosis in the tests)
- the spread of pathological changes at the depth of 1/3 of the epithelium
2 degree
If the first stage of the disease is diagnosed extremely rarely, moderate dysplasia of the cervix (2nd stage) is most often detected. It will be characterized by:
- pronounced structural changes
- spreading of the pathological process to the depth of 1/2 of the epithelium
- by the progression of morphological changes at the cellular level
3 degree
The so-called severe degree of dysplasia of the cervix is distinguished by the maximally deep spread of the pathological process. The doctor will definitely note:
- presence of hyperchromic nuclei of large size
- impression of the epithelium at 2/3 depth
- maximum expressiveness of structural changes
But even with the third degree of the disease, pathological cells are found only in the mucous membrane, they do not spread to vessels, muscles or neighboring tissues.
Symptoms of cervical dysplasia
Symptoms of the disease under consideration will be clearly manifested only at the third degree of dysplasia of the cervix, and before that the woman may not even suspect the presence of pathology in the body, and even the gynecologist cannot see pathological changes on the cervix, as they are of an unexpressed nature.
Symptoms of cervical dysplasia:
- discharge from the vagina in large quantities and with a characteristic unpleasant smell
- progressive vaginitis that cannot be treated
- regular pain on the background of developing adnexitis
- contact bloody discharge from the vagina (for example, after intercourse or examination on the gynecological chair)
- feeling of burning and itching inside the vagina
- expressed pain during intercourse
If the indicated symptoms are present, then it is necessary to urgently seek qualified medical help, since the dysplasia of the cervical epithelium will progress, the process will very quickly take on an oncological nature.
How to treat cervical dysplasia should be decided only by a specialist, taking into account many factors. In many cases, consultation with an endocrinologist, cardiologist and other narrow specialists may be necessary.
Methods of treatment of cervical dysplasia
There are several ways of conducting therapy when diagnosing the disease, surgical treatment is often performed. But the methods of treating cervical dysplasia are selected strictly individually, since much depends on the degree of development of the disease, the age of the woman, the presence of children and other factors.
Drug therapy
It is used extremely rarely, when the disease is already in a severe stage, there are frequent relapses. Patients are prescribed specific drugs that can increase and at least slightly strengthen immunity.
It is important to know that if the papillomavirus is detected in a woman, then she will be prescribed antiviral therapy, after which cervical dysplasia may disappear on its own.
Surgical treatment
There are several methods of surgical treatment of the disease under consideration:
- Conization of the cervix with dysplasia. The doctor uses a special knife in the form of a loop, with which he removes the cone-shaped part of the cervix.
- Cryodestruction. The area of the cervix with pathological changes is affected by strong cold, which literally freezes the cells and stops the progression of dysplasia.
- Inflammation of cervical dysplasia. It is performed with a laser, under the action of which the pathologically changed areas are heated and destroyed, and necrosis occurs in their place.
- Radiowave treatment of cervical dysplasia. It is quite effective, but due to the late diagnosis of the disease, it is not often used.
In addition, a woman can perform amputation of the cervix, if other methods of treatment are ineffective or impossible. Full information about how cervical dysplasia and pregnancy are compatible, which treatment methods are considered the most effective, where you can get an examination, can be found on the pages of our website: https:// dobrobut.com/.
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