Causes, signs of tubal obstruction, diagnostics, treatment

Signs of fallopian tube obstruction, diagnosis, treatment

Negative fallopian tubes are the absence of their full lumen, due to which unfavorable conditions are created for the fertilization of the egg and its further movement. Treatment of fallopian tube obstruction is really one of the serious problems in gynecology. Nosology is often detected in healthy women younger than 30 years.

Infertility in women in 20-30% of cases occurs precisely because of the obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Under such circumstances, it is quite resistant to the action of conservative methods and requires patience and significant efforts on the part of doctors and patients themselves to eliminate it.

Although ovulation is preserved when the fallopian tubes are blocked, the following unpleasant processes are observed:

sperm does not reach the egg, fertilization does not occur;
if the egg is fertilized, it can sink right into the wall of the tube - hence the ectopic pregnancy.

The described processes do not manifest themselves in any way. A woman is not aware of them, there are simply no symptoms of fallopian tube obstruction.

Types and causes of fallopian tube obstruction

Obstruction of fallopian tubes happens:

by localization - unilateral or bilateral;
by severity of obstruction - partial, complete;
for reasons - anatomical and those that arose due to physiological factors.

Anatomical causes of nosology are the absence of one or both tubes, their congenital underdevelopment, partial or complete blockage of the lumen. Physiological factors are the deterioration of the tone of the tube, the inflexibility of its muscle layer, the deterioration of motor activity of the cilia or the chaotic nature of their actions. The reasons for complete obstruction of the fallopian tubes can be both anatomical and physiological.

Most often, fallopian tube obstruction is preceded by other nosologies:

infectious-inflammatory impressions - enteritis and colitis, appendicitis, pelvioperitonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum that lines the walls of the pelvis and covers the pelvic organs). Therefore, to understand how to treat fallopian tube obstruction, it is important to consult related specialists;
endometriosis;
traumatization of the mucous membrane of the fallopian tubes - in particular, during careless medical manipulations;
compression by tumors, hematomas, abscesses;
endocrine disorders;
violation of the innervation of fallopian tubes;
congenital malformations. In this case, signs of tubal obstruction can be detected already in little girls.

Of the medical manipulations, the development of fallopian tube obstruction is mainly caused by:

hysteroscopy;
repeated attempts at in vitro fertilization (IVF);
operations – most often for ovarian cysts, ectopic pregnancy, appendix pathology, peritonitis.

Scars and adhesions are a direct indication for surgery in the diagnosis of tubal obstruction. Also, severe swelling of the mucous membrane of the tubes is a frequent cause of obstruction.

Symptoms of fallopian tube obstruction

In itself, the obstruction of the fallopian tubes does not cause any extraordinary sensations. The only complaint of patients that can point to obstruction is the inability to get pregnant even with increased sexual activity.

Is it possible to cure fallopian tube obstruction if there is no clinic, and therefore no understanding of what exactly needs to be treated? It is important to focus on the fact that patients may complain of changes in connection with the disease that provokes obstruction. Caution should be caused by:

severe stomach pains;
vaginal discharge with an unpleasant smell;
fever;
pains in the pelvis;
regular soreness during menstruation.

If the tubal lumen has been preserved at least partially, it is possible to get pregnant if the fallopian tubes are blocked, but there is a risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy. Its main features:

in the early stages – absence of menstruation, pulling and aching pains in the lower abdomen;
at 5-6 weeks of pregnancy – sharp pains in the abdomen due to excessive stretching, and then rupture of the tube, pronounced bleeding, demonstrable deterioration of the condition up to collapse and fainting.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of tubal obstruction needs to be confirmed using additional diagnostic methods. The most informative:

Ultrasound hysterosalpingoscopy;
hysteroscopy;
laparoscopy (when the fallopian tubes are blocked due to ligaments in the pelvis, this is the method of choice);
transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy;
study of vaginal smear;
determining the amount of hormones in the blood;
bacteriological research.

Treatment. Surgery for the diagnosis of fallopian tube obstruction

In order to eliminate the obstruction of the uterine cavity, first of all, diseases that have become the impetus for its development should be treated. They must be stopped as early as possible so that the fallopian tubes do not have time to develop degeneration processes. Popular appointments include:

hormonal drugs;
vitamins. The success of the treatment of fallopian tube obstruction depends on the correctness of tissue processes, which vitamin complexes help to restore;
preparations of calcium and magnesium;
immunotherapy;
physiotherapeutic methods - electrophoresis with trace elements, electrical stimulation, balneotherapy, special gynecological massage.

If structural changes have developed in the pipes, then surgical treatment is used, its specificity depends on the causes and severity of obstruction. It can be:

removal of tumor cells and abscesses;
laparoscopic restoration of tube lumen;
plasty of pipes to restore their passability.

After tubal plastic surgery, the risk of ectopic pregnancy increases. More information about this can be found on our website Dobrobut.com.

Also, the method of in vitro fertilization (IVF) is widely practiced - pregnancy with blocked fallopian tubes can occur from one attempt or from several. Indications for the use of IVF:

impossibility to get pregnant within 1-1.5 years after surgery due to obstruction - in particular, in patients over 40 years old;
complete obstruction of fallopian tubes.

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