What is coronary bypass surgery
Coronary bypass surgery is a surgical operation on the heart that restores normal blood supply to the myocardium. This radical method of treatment improves the quality of life of patients with ischemia and increases its duration. This material will tell you what kind of operation it is, how it goes and how long it lasts.
Indications for coronary bypass surgery:
- acute coronary syndrome;
- acute myocardial infarction;
- stable angina pectoris of class 3-4;
- heart defects with myocardial ischemia;
- reduced physical load tolerance.
The main contraindications for such treatment are:
- serious condition of the patient;
- a severe form of heart failure (in particular, a significant decrease in the contractile function of the left ventricle);
- diffuse lesion of coronary arteries.
Surgical intervention is a high-tech type of medical care, so the cost of heart bypass surgery is quite high.
Types of coronary bypass surgery
Depending on which vessel is used as a shunt, there are three types of coronary bypass:
- autoarterial aortocoronary;
- autovenous;
- mammary coronary.
The vessel for shunting is isolated in two ways: endoscopically (through a small incision using an endoscope) and open (through a tissue incision along the entire length of the vessel section used for shunting).
Preparation for surgery
The operation is performed both as an emergency and as planned.
Before emergency surgery, the patient is prescribed only the most necessary examination methods:
- ECG;
- determination of blood coagulation;
- determination of blood group and Rh factor.
Preparation for a planned operation includes the following studies:
- electrocardiography;
- echocardioscopy;
- X-ray of chest organs;
- biochemical blood analysis;
- general blood test;
- general analysis of urine;
- determination of blood group and Rh factor;
- determination of blood coagulation;
- blood analysis for the presence of viral hepatitis and HIV infection.
Rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass takes about a month on average. It largely depends on the age of the patient and his general condition.
How does the operation work and how long does it last
After premedication, the patient is taken to the operating room and put into a state of anesthetic sleep. The duration of the operation is from 4 to 6 hours.
Access to the heart is carried out through the intercostal space on the left or by the method of sternotomy (dissection of the sternum). The next step is to create a bypass for blood flow. For this purpose, a section of the radial artery, a section of the internal thoracic artery, or a section of the vein of the thigh (shin) is used - the decision on the choice of vessel is made by the surgeon during the operation. After the main stage, the chest wall is sutured. At the end of the operation, the patient is transferred to the intensive care unit under the round-the-clock supervision of an intensivist.
You can learn about how heart bypass is performed after a heart attack at an appointment with a cardiologist. The doctor will prescribe the necessary examinations and analyze their results.
On our website Dobrobut.com, you can make an appointment with a doctor and find out how much heart bypass surgery costs.
Postoperative complications
Complications after surgery can develop both from the cardiovascular system and from other organs and systems. The latter, as a rule, depend on the age of the patient and the presence of chronic diseases. These include: decompensation of diabetes, exacerbation of bronchial asthma, stroke, and so on. Heart failure, acute myocardial infarction and myocardial necrosis - postoperative consequences from the heart. If you are interested in the question of how many people live after surgery, then the answer will be ambiguous. Life expectancy after surgery depends on many factors - the age of the patient, the presence of chronic diseases, lifestyle after surgery, etc.
At the appointment, the cardiologist will tell you how to avoid complications and what disability group the patient will receive after bypass surgery.
Recovery Period
Rehabilitation after coronary bypass surgery is of great importance, the patient's future condition depends on it.
Rehabilitation measures include:
- medicinal recovery of the activity of the heart and lungs;
- breathing gymnastics;
- physical exercises;
- adherence to a diet for recovery after heart bypass surgery.
Coronary bypass surgery is a surgical operation that allows you to restore blood flow through the vessels of the heart. However, in the future, the effect of it largely depends on the patient himself. Strict compliance with the doctor's recommendations will help you return to your usual lifestyle and not experience any physiological discomfort.
If you have any questions, please contact our clinic. We will tell you in more detail what coronary heart bypass is and whether you should be afraid of such an operation.
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