Hemopericardium: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Hemopericardium is a dangerous condition that is accompanied by hemorrhage into the pericardial cavity and cardiac dysfunction. Depending on the cause, hemopericardium can be of traumatic or non-traumatic origin. Traumatic occurs as a result of an injury to the chest, a strong blow to the heart, therapeutic (diagnostic) manipulations, surgical intervention.
Causes of non-traumatic hemopericardium:
- myocardial infarction;
- rupture of cardiac aneurysm;
- tumors of the pericardium and myocardium;
- hemophilia, hemorrhagic diathesis;
- systemic diseases of the body (lupus erythematosus, etc.).
Doctors include age over 50, blood coagulation disorders, vascular pathologies, long-term radiation therapy, and long-term use of certain medications as provoking factors.
Classification of hemopericardium according to the ICD is a complex scheme, in which acute pericarditis and other diseases accompanying the pathology are distinguished.
Clinical signs of hemopericardium
The severity of symptoms depends on the volume of blood located in the pericardium and the degree of compression of the heart. The first signs of hemopericardium are divided into subjective and objective. The first include fear, restlessness, difficulty breathing, increased sweating, and general weakness.
Objective:
- tachycardia;
- a decrease in blood pressure (hypotension);
- bluish color of the skin;
- disturbance of consciousness;
- pain in the region of the heart.
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Diagnosis of hemopericardium
In addition to examining the patient, listening to heart sounds and percussing the heart area, the doctor will prescribe a number of additional studies that will help make a diagnosis and prescribe a course of treatment.
Diagnosis of hemopericardium - additional examination methods: electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, echocardiography, blood and urine analysis. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe a diagnostic pericardial puncture, biopsy, bacteriological (cytological) analysis of the pericardial fluid.
Differential diagnosis of the disease is carried out with exudative pericarditis and hydropericarditis.
Treatment for chronic hemopericardium
The main goal of treatment is to eliminate the causes that caused the pathology, reduce the pressure on the heart and normalize cardiac activity.
The acute form requires surgical treatment. The volume of surgical intervention is determined by the severity of the injury.
Treatment for chronic hemopericardium - strict bed rest, appointment of hemostatic drugs and means to support the work of the heart. In the presence of an infectious lesion, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents are prescribed. The patient is recommended a full-fledged low-calorie diet with the predominant use of vegetables and fruits. Doctors recommend applying a cold compress to the chest. Treatment is carried out under the strict supervision of a cardiologist.
Prevention of hemopericardium consists in preventing injuries in the chest area, timely treatment of infectious diseases and diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Prognosis, in particular hemopericardium in acute myocardial infarction, depends on timely medical care and strict adherence to the doctor's recommendations during the recovery phase.
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