Mixed tumor of the parotid salivary gland: symptoms
Salivary gland tumors are neoplasms of large and small salivary glands. According to their morphological structure, they can be benign or malignant. The first, as a rule, grow very slowly, clinically not manifesting themselves. Malignant are characterized by rapid growth and multiple metastases. Diagnosis of malignant salivary gland tumors includes biopsy, ultrasound, sialography and sialoscintigraphy. Treatment of such neoplasms is exclusively surgical. The scope of the operation is determined by their localization.
Causes of tumors:
- congenital dystopias;
- injuries;
- gene mutations;
- poor nutrition;
- harmful habits;
- unfavorable ecological situation;
- presence of chronic diseases.
The professional risk group includes hairdressers, workers in beauty salons, workers in the metallurgical, woodworking, and chemical industries.
Classification of salivary gland tumors
A distinction is made between benign, malignant and intermediate neoplasms.
Benign: adenolymphoma, adenoma, papillary cystadenolymphoma, polymorphic adenoma (mixed tumor of the parotid salivary gland). They most often occur in the parotid salivary glands. They differ in slow growth, absence of metastases and pain syndrome. Rarely malign.
Malignant: cancer, sarcoma. Tumors are characterized by rapid growth and the presence of multiple metastases. They can develop independently or be the result of the degeneration of benign and intermediate tumors.
The symptoms of a malignant tumor of the salivary gland are as follows: pain in the area of the neoplasm, hyperemia of the skin, an increase in regional lymph nodes, contractures of the masticatory muscles, paresis of the facial nerve, multiple metastases.
Classification of salivary gland tumors:
- first stage – tumor up to 2 cm;
- the second stage – the size of the neoplasm is from 2 to 3 cm, the presence of a small paresis of facial muscles;
- third – the tumor occupies more than half of the gland, can grow into the lower jaw, auditory canal;
- fourth – a large tumor, sprouting into neighboring structures, muscle paralysis is noted.
Intermediate: adenocystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid tumors. They develop, as a rule, slowly. In some cases, they can acquire features of malignant tumors (rapid invasive growth, metastasis to the lungs and bones).
The prognosis after surgery to remove a salivary gland tumor depends on many factors (type of neoplasm, stage of development, general condition of the patient).
Diagnostics
The diagnosis is made after receiving the results of clinical and instrumental examinations.
Instrumental methods: ultrasound of the salivary glands, sialography, sialoscintigraphy, biopsy, cytological and radioisotope research. Computed tomography will help clarify the stage of a malignant tumor. The main diagnostic method is morphological.
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Treatment of submandibular salivary gland tumor
Benign tumors are removed by surgery. The extent of surgical intervention depends on the size of the neoplasm and its localization. To remove benign tumors of the salivary glands, one of the following methods is used: enucleation of the tumor, subtotal resection, extirpation of the gland together with the tumor.
Complications after surgery: paresis, paralysis of mimic muscles, formation of postoperative fistula.
Treatment of malignant submandibular salivary gland tumor. In this case, combined treatment is used - radiation therapy before surgery and surgical intervention. Subtotal resection, extirpation of salivary glands with fascial-case excision of the tissue of the neck - functional operations used. Chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms, including mucoepidermoid tumor of the salivary gland, is rarely prescribed.
Forecast
Timely treatment of benign neoplasms guarantees a positive result. The recurrence rate here is minimal - from 1.5 to 15%. At the same time, it is important to strictly follow the doctor's recommendations and undergo professional examinations in a timely manner. As for malignant neoplasms, the operation is effective in 25% of cases. The recurrence rate is more than 45%.
If you have any doubts, get a full examination at our medical center. After receiving the results, you will be consulted by leading specialists (surgeon and oncologist). Take care of your health right now.
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