Anal fissure - treatment with conservative methods, surgical intervention

Anal fissure - therapeutic and surgical treatment

An anal fissure is a defect on the mucous membrane of the anus. In fact, this is a wound, because the mucosa is torn and the muscular layer of the rectum is exposed. A crack can form on the back or front wall of the anus, extremely rarely - on its side surfaces. The length of the gap usually does not exceed 2 cm, and the width and depth are several millimeters.

If the crack has just appeared, we are talking about an acute course of the pathology. In this case, conservative treatment is prescribed. If you follow all the doctor's recommendations, recovery occurs relatively quickly. In the absence of therapy, a chronic anal fissure develops with rough edges and small bumps along the entire length. Treatment of this type of disease is carried out surgically, because even with remission there is a high probability of exacerbation. An anal fissure does not form again in the same place after surgery. If the mucous membrane breaks again, it will be a new wound.

Causes and symptoms

Treatment of anal fissure will be more successful and faster with timely medical help. Consultation of a proctologist is necessary if you are concerned about:

• pronounced pain during bowel movements;
• discomfort when staying in one position for a long time;
• presence of blood on feces and toilet paper.

The patient becomes irritable, has insomnia, quick fatigue. Some of the patients are afraid of emptying the intestines, which provokes constipation, and this worsens the state of health even more.

The main reason for the appearance of a crack in the anus is constipation - a person is forced to strain hard, and the mucous membrane is damaged by dense fecal masses. Pathology can also develop against the background of:

• anal sex;
• when trying;
• illiterate studies of the anus in medical institutions.

Provocative factors: sedentary lifestyle, consumption of excessively fatty food, addiction to alcoholic beverages, constant work with heavy loads, some diseases of the lower intestines.

Anal fissure in a child

According to statistics, anal fissure is most often diagnosed in women, much less often in men aged 25 to 40 years. An anal fissure in a child is a rare phenomenon and is associated with frequent constipation or underdeveloped excretory organs. The first symptoms of the disease are blood in the stool and a pronounced fear of the potty or toilet.

In childhood, healing occurs much faster than in adults. It is quite possible to solve the problem non-surgically, but you need to pay attention to the child's complaints and fears in a timely manner.

Treatment of anal fissure

If the crack is small, it can heal on its own - just remove the irritating factors: follow a diet for a few days, avoid constipation. But, usually, the diagnosis of the disease occurs when there is a large rupture of the mucosa of the rectum, so complex therapy is prescribed:

1. Laxatives. Most often, these are preparations based on senna or aloe extract. In the presence of intestinal diseases, it is better to take plantain seeds. Dufalac will also be effective.
2. Antispasmodics are taken to reduce the pain syndrome. Usually, these are pills. Doctors prefer Drotaverin.
3. Ointments are recommended as healing agents. They should have antibacterial and antispasmodic effects. Doctors prescribe Levomikol, Actovegil, Solcoseryl, nitroglycerin ointment, Relief and others.
4. In the absence of constipation, the use of suppositories is appropriate. It is better to choose drugs with a complex effect - for example, Posterizan suppositories have a wound-healing, anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effect.

Additionally, baths, enemas and diet are prescribed. If the therapy does not give positive dynamics, an operation on the anal fissure is recommended. Operative treatment is indicated in the absence of effect from drug therapy. The essence of the surgeon's work is the excision of the anal fissure, during which bumps and irregularities that prevent healing are removed. For recovery in the postoperative period, a diet is prescribed, moderate physical activity is recommended. This will help to avoid stagnant phenomena, speed up rehabilitation and serve as a prevention of repeated formations of anal fissures.

On our website Dobrobut.com, you can make an appointment with a proctologist and find out how to treat an anal fissure at home if the disease is acute.