Characteristic symptoms of bone sarcoma
Sarcoma is a malignant tumor characterized by rapid development and early metastasis. The disease is poorly amenable to differential diagnosis and develops, as a rule, after various types of injuries. This article will tell about the symptoms of bone sarcoma, diagnostic studies and methods of treatment of the disease.
Risk factors:
- heredity;
- hormonal disorders;
- influence of radioactive radiation;
- tissue damage;
- viral infections;
- carcinogenic effects of chemicals.
People under the age of 35 are most prone to the disease, and men are affected three times more often than women.
Bone sarcoma - signs of the disease, types of pathology
Osteosarcoma is considered the most aggressive form of the disease and is diagnosed in 50% of cases. The main site of damage is tubular bones. Bone tumors of the lower extremities most often affect the knee joint.
Ewing's sarcoma is diagnosed between the ages of 5 and 15. The disease is accompanied by severe pain and fever. The pathology is characterized by rapid development and metastasis to the liver, lymph nodes, and lungs.
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor affecting the femur and pelvic bones. The disease is characterized by late metastases.
Reticulosarcoma is a rare type in which bone destruction occurs in small areas. The tumor affects tubular, spongy and flat bones. The disease is accompanied by an increase in lymph nodes and a relatively satisfactory well-being.
Characteristic signs of bone sarcoma:
- joint swelling;
- sharp pain that worsens at night (painful sensations are poorly amenable to analgesia and have a tendency to progress);
- strengthening of the venous network in the place of destruction;
- pain during palpation;
- temperature increase;
- impairment of limb function.
Bone sarcoma - stages:
- first stage – a tumor no larger than 8 cm, there is no damage to lymph nodes and internal organs;
- the second is a tumor larger than 8 cm, there are no metastases;
- third stage – the tumor has spread throughout the bone, there is no damage to internal organs and lymph nodes;
- fourth – extensive damage to lymph nodes and internal organs.
Diagnostics
Primary examination methods are: examination of the patient, collection of anamnesis and X-ray examination. CT will provide more accurate data. Computed tomography will help determine the type of tumor, its location and size, as well as the degree of spread.
Additional studies: general analysis of blood and urine, blood biochemistry, ECG. Magnetic resonance imaging and PET are used for differential diagnosis.
The decisive analysis is the histological examination of the tumor biopsy.
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Treatment of bone sarcoma
The treatment of the disease is complex with the involvement of specialized specialists (morphologist, radiation diagnostician, surgeon, radiologist, chemotherapist). The method of treatment depends on the degree of damage, type of sarcoma, general condition and age of the patient.
Drug therapy is aimed at stopping the growth of tumor cells. The treatment scheme is selected strictly individually. Cyclophosphan, methotrexate, doxorubicin, fluorouracil are drugs used as part of drug therapy. Interferon is prescribed to support immunity.
Surgical treatment of bone sarcoma is the main method used in this disease.
Radiation therapy is prescribed most often with a confirmed diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma. As a rule, the affected area and metastases around it are irradiated.
Prognosis for bone sarcoma. The prognosis depends on the type of disease, localization of the tumor, stage of the disease, general condition of the patient and his age. With early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, the survival rate is quite high: 80% in the first stage, 60% in the second, 50% in the third. The lowest percentage of survival at the fourth stage is no more than 10%.
Prevention of the disease. A professional examination every six months, a healthy diet, and vigorous physical activity will help to preserve health for a long time. Avoid injuries and do not self-medicate!
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