Dyslalia in children - types, features, work of a speech therapist
Dyslalia is an abnormal pronunciation of sounds that occurs in the absence of problems with the central nervous system and mental development. Most often, in the absence of professional correction, dyslalia in children develops into dyslexia (reading disorder) and dysgraphia (written language disorder).
Types and forms of dyslalia
The following types of dyslalia are distinguished in medicine:
- mechanical – provoked by pathologies of the anatomical structure of the articulating apparatus;
- functional dyslalia - develops due to neurodynamic problems in the work of the brain of a reversed nature or against the background of a social factor.
The last form of dyslalia is further divided into two types - sensory and motor. In the first case, we are talking about a violation of the speech-auditory analyzer in the brain - sounds in speech replace each other, the child confuses ringing and deaf, hissing and hard. The motor type of the functional form of the disease is characterized by imprecise movements of the lips and tongue, which is reflected in the pronunciation of sounds.
When diagnosing a disease, doctors must determine how many sounds the child pronounces incorrectly. Depending on this indicator, the following types of dyslalia are distinguished:
- simple - the problem affects a maximum of 4 sounds;
- complex – the child pronounces more than 4 different sounds incorrectly.
Causes of dyslalia
They are divided into two large groups:
- functional reasons for the development of the disorder - the anatomy of the articulatory apparatus is unchanged, most often social or biological factors are triggered (copying parents who pronounce sounds/words incorrectly, learning several languages at once in the family);
- mechanical - there are violations in the structure of the articulation apparatus (short frenulum of the tongue, micro- or macroglossia, too thick lips).
First, doctors establish the true causes of dyslalia - the subsequent correction program depends on this. For example, minor surgical intervention may be necessary for mechanical reasons, if micro- or macroglossia is noted, then the normal physical and mental development of the child is called into question.
Correction of dyslalia
Work with dyslalia is carried out by a speech therapist - a specialist who can teach the child the skills of correct pronunciation of sounds and words. The correction is built in stages:
- Preparation - the speech therapist must first establish contact with the child, arouse interest in classes, adapt to the conditions of the office.
- Formation of primary abilities and skills - the specialist must teach the patient to pronounce specific sounds correctly, compare them with complex ones and differentiate in words, distinguishing by pronunciation.
- Formation of communication skills - the child learns to communicate using sentences with correct pronunciation of all sounds.
The stages of dyslalia correction involve the use of various creative materials, exercises, games with words and sounds. The younger the child, the more game elements should be in the classes. Speech therapy work for dyslalia is carried out over a long period of time, the earlier the parents identify the problem, the easier the correction will be. Most often, the forecasts are favorable, in most cases success is guaranteed (if there are no disorders of mental development).
Features of dyslalia of various types and forms, specific programs for the correction of violations are covered in detail on our website https://dobrobut.com/.
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