Neurorehabilitation after a stroke - features of its implementation
A stroke is a severe brain injury that, even with a favorable outcome, provokes speech problems. Immediately after the attack, it is important to understand that the program of neurorehabilitation and correction of speech disorders should be applied literally from the first hours after leaving the acute condition. This is the only way to return the patient to a full life.
Types of speech and motor activity disorders after a stroke
The most frequent disorders after a stroke are agnosia and apraxia.
Apraxia is a condition when the patient cannot coordinate his movements and perform simple exercises. For example, fasten a button, hold a glass or a spoon, draw simple figures. Most often, such a lesion occurs during a stroke with damage to the left hemisphere. The right side of the body suffers.
Agnosia is a violation of the perception of objects and one's own body. That is, the patient does not feel paralysis of his own body, considering the work of the lower/upper limbs to be absolutely normal. Some patients cannot determine by touch the shape of the object and the material from which it is made.
Speech pathology in adults is called aphasia. Such disorders can have a wide variety of manifestations - for example, in some cases, aphasia during a stroke is characterized by the patient's misunderstanding of what is said to him. And sometimes, on the contrary, the patient himself cannot pronounce the simplest words or remember the names of some objects. If aphasia is noted - the inability to pronounce certain words - then doctors will talk about the defeat of the sensory center of speech. As a rule, in this case, both apraxia and agnosia are diagnosed.
Various types of speech disorders require long-term rehabilitation of the patient, and in this case home exercises cannot be dispensed with. Qualified help will be needed.
Work of the neurorehabilitation center
Any neurorehabilitation center will offer several different procedures and classes to patients who need recovery after a stroke. Rehabilitation is a set of activities that will help restore body functions as much as possible. The main principles of carrying out rehabilitation measures are:
- Early start of the recovery complex. It should be started literally from the first days after the stroke, if the doctors give permission for it. Carrying out various procedures allows you to avoid the development of secondary complications, such as the appearance of bedsores and congestive pneumonia.
- Regular and long-term rehabilitation - you need to choose special exercises (the form of aphasia, the degree of brain damage and the general health of the patient play a role in the selection), make a schedule for performing complexes. Please note that the recovery period takes place not only within the walls of the institution, but also at home, because it is not possible to interrupt classes under any circumstances.
Rehabilitation of motor functions
The complex of exercises for the restoration of motor functions includes physical education, a visit to the masseur's office, a course of physiotherapeutic procedures. For example, an effective procedure is electrical stimulation of neuromuscular fibers. The only condition for physical education will be constant monitoring of pulse and blood pressure. After each exercise, the patient should rest.
In the first days after a stroke, exercises are performed in a lying position, and only after partial stabilization of the patient's condition are they taught to sit down, bend over, and get out of bed. Naturally, it takes time - you should not wait for quick results.
You can switch to light walking only after a doctor's permission. Walking is usually indicated even if the patient has paresis of the lower limb.
The rehabilitation of patients with spastic disorders, which are characterized by strong tension of the muscular system, should be discussed separately. Separate classes are held with them. It should be noted that such patients cannot independently develop a hand using a ball or rubber ring.
Restoring the active language
Severe speech disorders after a stroke are corrected by regular classes with a speech and language therapist. At this moment, the support of loved ones is important - they must constantly talk with the patient so that he gradually gets deeper into the essence of the conversation and learns to repeat sounds and words. Classes in the neurorehabilitation department should not be the only ones in the framework of recovery after a stroke. It is necessary to ensure the performance of the prescribed exercises and classes at home.
Information about neurorehabilitation on the website of the clinic https://dobrobut.com/ will help you not only to find your way in various recovery programs after a stroke, but also to choose a doctor to whom you can entrust your health.
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