Providing first aid for anaphylactic shock
Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening condition. This is an allergic reaction to a particular allergen entering the human body. Everyone should know the algorithm of actions in case of anaphylactic shock, because a person's life depends on it. The main symptoms of the condition are dizziness, weakness, pronounced shortness of breath, drop in blood pressure, tachycardia, skin rash. Children are most susceptible.
The reasons for the development of anaphylactic reactions are very diverse:
- food (citrus, chocolate, dairy products, nutritional supplements);
- plants (coniferous trees, forbs);
- animals (pets, insects);
- medicines (vaccines, serums, hormones, antibiotics, contrast agents).
Symptoms of anaphylactic shock in children
Anaphylactic shock is especially dangerous in childhood due to insufficient development of organs and systems. Due to anatomical and physiological features, this reaction can develop very quickly in a child. Most often, anaphylactic shock is the result of the introduction of a vaccine or some other product into the child's body.
Symptoms of anaphylactic shock in children: a feeling of fear, anxiety, headache, skin rashes, wheezing in the throat, tachycardia, abdominal pain (not always). The speed of manifestations depends on the way the allergen enters the body. With intravenous administration, an anaphylactic reaction occurs instantly. When eating - within several hours. It is impossible to predict the development of anaphylaxis, so doctors recommend always having anti-allergy drugs in your first-aid kit. The doctor will tell you in more detail about the standards and recommendations regarding the composition of the first-aid kit during the consultation.
Important: at the slightest suspicion of the development of anaphylactic shock, it is necessary to immediately call an ambulance and give the baby an antihistamine tablet.
Pregnancy: emergency care for anaphylactic shock
Pregnant women are also vulnerable in terms of allergies. With overloads that occur during anaphylaxis, the probability of miscarriages, early detachment of the placenta and premature birth is particularly high. In a pregnant woman, the cardiovascular system and kidneys are primarily affected. There is a high probability of stroke, heart failure and bleeding.
Emergency care for anaphylactic shock - immediately call an ambulance and give the pregnant woman an antihistamine under the tongue. In a conversation with the dispatcher, it is extremely important to indicate the condition of the woman.
Forms of anaphylactic shock
Typical – the most widespread form, characterized by breathing disorders, skin rash and swelling of the mucous membranes.
Hemodynamic - accompanied by disorders of the vascular system and myocardial insufficiency.
Asphyxic - manifested by acute respiratory failure, spasm of the respiratory tract, swelling of the larynx, lungs and bronchi. Asphyxiation may occur without assistance.
Cerebral - rarely occurs. It is characterized by convulsions, headache, feeling of fear, excitement, rapid breathing
Abdominal - accompanied by a clinic of "acute" abdomen. Manifestations - loose stools, severe abdominal pain, colic.
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Diagnostics
Diagnosis is made after taking an anamnesis and examining the patient. There is no time for other research.
After providing first aid for anaphylactic shock, the doctor will prescribe a number of examinations that will help clarify the diagnosis and rule out similar diseases.
Additional studies:
- general blood test;
- general analysis of urine;
- allergological examination;
- enzyme immunoassay;
- chest X-ray, ECG.
Treatment of anaphylactic shock
First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the allergen. If necessary, put a tourniquet on the limb above the place of injection of the vaccine (serum) or insect bite and surround it with a solution of adrenaline. It will be appropriate to apply ice. The next stage is to restore the patency of the respiratory tract. This can be done by inserting an air duct. In difficult cases, tracheotomy or urgent tracheal intubation is indicated. In addition, glucocorticoids are administered, infusion therapy and symptomatic treatment are carried out. Treatment of anaphylactic shock after providing emergency care takes place in a hospital.
Complications of anaphylaxis:- prolonged hypotension;
- abdominal pain, general weakness, sluggishness;
- heartaches;
- emergence of an infiltrate at the site of the bite.
The prognosis depends on the timeliness of assistance, the professionalism of the doctor and the general condition of the patient. In addition, the age of the patient and the presence of chronic diseases are important.
Related services:
Ambulance call 5288
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