Possible causes of uterine bleeding
Any vaginal bleeding that is not associated with normal menstruation is considered a pathology. Signs of uterine bleeding: bleeding from the genital tract during the menstrual cycle or prolonged or heavy periods that lead to anemia. Medical care includes: stopping bleeding, iron replacement therapy, conducting an examination to determine the causes and prescribing appropriate treatment.
Possible causes of uterine bleeding:
- myoma of the uterus;
- uterine polyps;
- ovarian, uterine, cervical or vaginal cancer;
- blood coagulation disorders;
- polycystic ovary syndrome;
- taking contraceptives, anticoagulants;
- intrauterine spirals (IUD);
- sudden weight gain or loss;
- infectious diseases of the uterus or cervix (cervicitis, endometritis);
- vaginal injuries.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DMK): causes
"Abnormal uterine bleeding" (AMB) is a diagnosis of exclusion. It is placed when all other causes of bleeding (including injuries, tumors, inflammatory diseases) have not been confirmed after a complete examination of the patient. Usually, this condition is associated with hormonal disorders, namely with a decrease in the level of progesterone.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurs in the reproductive age, in the climacteric period, during puberty. Some sources claim that the term "dysfunctional" refers to the hormonal mechanism of the pathology.
Depending on whether ovulation occurs or not, DMDs can be classified as ovulatory and anovulatory. Usually DMK is a menstrual disorder, although abnormal bleeding is also possible in the middle of the cycle.
The most common cause (about 90% of cases) of dysfunctional bleeding is anovulation. In the absence of ovulation, the corpus luteum is not formed, therefore, progesterone is not produced. As a result, estrogen is produced continuously, causing excessive growth of the mucous layer of the uterus. Ovulatory bleeding accounts for 10% of DMK cases.
How to distinguish abnormal uterine bleeding in women? Evaluation of anovulatory bleeding should always begin with the study of the history and examination of the patient. Next, a laboratory analysis of the level of hemoglobin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), androgen profile is necessary. Mandatory pregnancy test (βhCG). An ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, endometrial scraping analysis may be necessary.
Juvenile uterine bleeding
Sometimes anovulatory DMK is caused by a delay in the development of the reproductive system in adolescents. However, as a rule, the mechanism of pathology is unknown.
Symptoms of juvenile uterine bleeding:
- after a delay of menstruation for a period of 0.5 to 6 months, abundant blood discharge from the genital tract is observed;
- possible uterine bleeding with clots;
- weakness, dizziness;
- anemia;
- possible violation of blood coagulation according to the type of DIC-syndrome.
Similar cycle disturbances usually appear during the first two years after menarche. The cause can be psychological stress, obesity, anorexia, excessive physical exertion, endocrinopathy, neoplasms, drug use.
How to stop uterine bleeding
Hemostatic drugs for uterine bleeding are ineffective and are usually prescribed in combination with other means. The treatment of DMK depends on the cause that caused the pathology, therefore, in case of any deviation from the norm, you should consult a gynecologist who, after examination and diagnosis, will prescribe adequate therapy. If the bleeding is caused by an infectious process, antibacterial therapy is required. Bleeding during pregnancy requires an urgent examination. Read more about the causes of uterine bleeding in pregnant women on our website https://dobrobut.com.
The use of tablets in the treatment of uterine bleeding of the anovulatory type is possible only after determining the hormonal status. Oral contraceptives are usually taken in small doses. Progesterone preparations in the form of injections for uterine bleeding are prescribed according to a special scheme. Progestin-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs) are also used.
Dysfunctional bleeding in the climacteric period occurs due to hormonal changes occurring in a woman's body. In addition, the walls of the vagina are not moistened, which can also cause bleeding during or after intercourse. Stopping uterine bleeding at menopause is carried out taking into account the reason that caused DMK. If the "culprits" are polyps or other benign neoplasms, they are removed surgically.
How to stop uterine bleeding, if it is not stopped by drugs and threatens the patient's life? Gynecological curettage of the uterine cavity is carried out, and in emergency situations - hysterectomy (removal of the uterus). Emergency care for heavy uterine bleeding is provided only in hospital conditions.
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